https://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&feed=atom&action=historyQuestioning the status quo in methods - Revision history2024-03-29T01:23:47ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.33.0https://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=6364&oldid=prevChristopher Franz at 12:05, 10 September 20212021-09-10T12:05:33Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Note:''' The German version of this entry can be found here: [[Questioning the status quo in methods (German)]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Note:''' The German version of this entry can be found here: [[Questioning the status quo in methods (German)]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''In short:''' This entry discusses why the status quo of scientific methods is insufficient to solve the problems of our time.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franzhttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=5927&oldid=prevImi: /* Questioning the status quo */2021-06-30T16:41:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Questioning the status quo</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Building on the general recognition that current methods are not enough to approximate knowledge towards the solution needed for the wicked problems which we face, the questions arises how we can meaningfully question the ''status quo'' in methods, and do this in a way that moves us forward. Too many enthusiastic questions on the ''status quo'' in the realms of scientific methods have been proposed without a clear understanding what is actually the problem, or better, which knowledge we are lacking. The current state of many lines of thinking urged us to move out of the dimensions of a normal science in the sense of Kuhn. However, calling out a revolution does not mean that all problems are automatically solved. On the contrary: concerning many aspects, we are still in a state of explicitly not knowing how to solve the wicked problems we face. Let us look at three examples.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Building on the general recognition that current methods are not enough to approximate knowledge towards the solution needed for the wicked problems which we face, the questions arises how we can meaningfully question the ''status quo'' in methods, and do this in a way that moves us forward. Too many enthusiastic questions on the ''status quo'' in the realms of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Glossary|</ins>scientific methods<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>have been proposed without a clear understanding what is actually the problem, or better, which knowledge we are lacking. The current state of many lines of thinking urged us to move out of the dimensions of a normal science in the sense of Kuhn. However, calling out a revolution does not mean that all problems are automatically solved. On the contrary: concerning many aspects, we are still in a state of explicitly not knowing how to solve the wicked problems we face. Let us look at three examples.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Climate Change ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Climate Change ====</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Sustainable consumption ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Sustainable consumption ====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The question how we shift our consumption towards being more sustainable is another thriving debate within sustainability science and beyond. While there is research focusing on global trade and its inequalities, there is equally research on individual behaviour and the motivations of consumers. Understanding behavior - and even more so - driving behaviour change in terms of sustainable consumption is to date a diverse field, with methodological roots in psychology, social science and many other domains. On the other hand, global supply chains and trade arrangements are part of totally different fields in sciences and these two scales are hardly matched. There is a clear gap between research focusing on supply and research focussing on demand. From a methodological standpoint, integrating the global and the individual scale, and supply and demand, already poses a very complex challenge, showcasing how a link between these diverse line of thinking will preoccupy research for the foreseeable future. Atomising challenges into smaller chunks that represent parts of the picture follows a long tradition in science, yet integrating these diverse approaches will be vital in order to take the whole depth and width of the challenges into account. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The question how we shift our consumption towards being more sustainable is another thriving debate within sustainability science and beyond. While there is research focusing on global trade and its inequalities, there is equally research on individual behaviour and the motivations of consumers. Understanding behavior - and even more so - driving behaviour change in terms of sustainable consumption is to date a diverse field, with methodological roots in psychology, social science and many other domains. On the other hand, global supply chains and trade arrangements are part of totally different fields in sciences and these two scales are hardly matched. There is a clear gap between research focusing on supply and research focussing on demand. From a methodological standpoint, integrating the global and the individual scale, and supply and demand, already poses a very complex challenge, showcasing how a link between these diverse line of thinking will preoccupy research for the foreseeable future. Atomising challenges into smaller chunks that represent parts of the picture follows a long tradition in science, yet integrating these diverse approaches will be vital in order to take the whole depth and width of the challenges into account.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Three pathways of methodological innovation ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Three pathways of methodological innovation ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Imihttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=5901&oldid=prevImi: /* Actor participation */2021-06-28T08:33:07Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Actor participation</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Actor participation ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Actor participation ====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Research about normative challenges - as well as research about joined problem framing between actors and researchers - has been on the rise. More and more studies engage in the new contract between science and society. However, the roles and power relations of different actors within a system are deeply contextual, and so far the knowledge of such studies did not yet saturate into a more general understanding on how such study setting can be approached. While blueprints already exist and there is a growing understanding of relevant concepts, such as social learning, actor participation is still something that did not find its way into a broad diversity of textbooks, and available approaches are far from unified. Most of the normal sciences actually dispute whether the recognition of actor knowledge is actually contributing to scientific progress, and instead keep judging the difference between applied science and their own science. What is more, actor participation is approached from all sorts of disciplinary backgrounds. This increases diversity in terms of methods, but ultimately leads to more confusion because the different approaches rooted in diverse disciplines are often pitched as being either superior or inferior to each other. While it is clear that different methods have different values in a specific context, a comparison of different methods which allow for actor participation is widely lacking to date. However, only fair comparisons of diverse approaches may allow for a claim of which methodological approach has a higher validity in a respective context.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Research about normative challenges - as well as research about joined problem framing between actors and researchers - has been on the rise. More and more studies engage in the new contract between science and society. However, the roles and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Glossary|</ins>power<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>relations of different actors within a system are deeply contextual, and so far the knowledge of such studies did not yet saturate into a more general understanding on how such study setting can be approached. While blueprints already exist and there is a growing understanding of relevant concepts, such as social learning, actor participation is still something that did not find its way into a broad diversity of textbooks, and available approaches are far from unified. Most of the normal sciences actually dispute whether the recognition of actor knowledge is actually contributing to scientific progress, and instead keep judging the difference between applied science and their own science. What is more, actor participation is approached from all sorts of disciplinary backgrounds. This increases diversity in terms of methods, but ultimately leads to more confusion because the different approaches rooted in diverse disciplines are often pitched as being either superior or inferior to each other. While it is clear that different methods have different values in a specific context, a comparison of different methods which allow for actor participation is widely lacking to date. However, only fair comparisons of diverse approaches may allow for a claim of which methodological approach has a higher validity in a respective context.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Sustainable consumption ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Sustainable consumption ====</div></td></tr>
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</table>Imihttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=5823&oldid=prevImi: /* Three pathways of methodological innovation */2021-06-14T15:54:06Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Three pathways of methodological innovation</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Three pathways of methodological innovation ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Three pathways of methodological innovation ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We can thus conclude that urgency, wickedness, normativity, context, scale integration and many other challenges are currently recognised in the community of sustainability science researchers, and deserve more focus in order to generate solutions. This non-exhaustive list of problems already showcases that this is more easily proposed than actually done. Within sustainability science and beyond, there is almost an obsession to question the ''status quo'', and to proclaim what methods should do. It sounds so appealing to "dance with the system" - a sentence borrowed from Donella Meadows (I always asked myself what that actually means). But how do we take the normative burden off of all the proposals for transformation and take a first step as individual researchers? Here, I propose three perspectives on how innovation in terms of scientific methods could be more concretely approached. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We can thus conclude that urgency, wickedness, normativity, context, scale integration and many other challenges are currently recognised in the community of sustainability science researchers, and deserve more focus in order to generate solutions. This non-exhaustive list of problems already showcases that this is more easily proposed than actually done. Within sustainability science and beyond, there is almost an obsession to question the ''status quo'', and to proclaim what methods should do. It sounds so appealing to "dance with the system" - a sentence borrowed from Donella Meadows (I always asked myself what that actually means). But how do we take the normative burden off of all the proposals for transformation and take a first step as individual researchers? Here, I propose three perspectives on how <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Glossary|</ins>innovation<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>in terms of scientific methods could be more concretely approached. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''1) Invention of new methods'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''1) Invention of new methods'''</div></td></tr>
</table>Imihttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=3649&oldid=prevChristopher Franz at 07:55, 7 January 20212021-01-07T07:55:29Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Sustainable consumption ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Sustainable consumption ====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The question how we shift our consumption towards being more sustainable is another thriving debate within sustainability science and beyond. While there is research focusing on global trade and its inequalities, there is equally research on individual behaviour and the motivations of consumers. Understanding behavior - and even more so - driving behaviour change in terms of sustainable consumption is to date a diverse field, with methodological roots in psychology, social science and many other domains. On the other hand, global supply chains and trade arrangements are part of totally different fields in sciences and these two scales are hardly matched. There is a clear gap between research focusing on supply and research focussing on demand. From a methodological standpoint, integrating the global and the individual scale, and supply and demand, already poses a very complex challenge, showcasing how a link between these diverse line of thinking will preoccupy research for the foreseeable future. Atomising challenges into smaller chunks that represent parts of the picture follows a long tradition in science, yet integrating these diverse approaches will be vital in order to take the whole depth and width of the challenges into account. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The question how we shift our consumption towards being more sustainable is another thriving debate within sustainability science and beyond. While there is research focusing on global trade and its inequalities, there is equally research on individual behaviour and the motivations of consumers. Understanding behavior - and even more so - driving behaviour change in terms of sustainable consumption is to date a diverse field, with methodological roots in psychology, social science and many other domains. On the other hand, global supply chains and trade arrangements are part of totally different fields in sciences and these two scales are hardly matched. There is a clear gap between research focusing on supply and research focussing on demand. From a methodological standpoint, integrating the global and the individual scale, and supply and demand, already poses a very complex challenge, showcasing how a link between these diverse line of thinking will preoccupy research for the foreseeable future. Atomising challenges into smaller chunks that represent parts of the picture follows a long tradition in science, yet integrating these diverse approaches will be vital in order to take the whole depth and width of the challenges into account. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Three pathways of methodological innovation ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Three pathways of methodological innovation ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franzhttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=3631&oldid=prevChristopher Franz: /* Three pathways of methodological innovation */2021-01-06T08:52:03Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Three pathways of methodological innovation</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''1) Invention of new methods'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''1) Invention of new methods'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Inventing new methods surely sounds exciting. There is a whole world of knowledge that awaits us, and new methods might be potentially able to unlock this new knowledge. Despite the spirit that motivates many researchers to this end, I would like to highlight that in the past, the invention of new methods often came out of a clear recognition of a lack of methods in order to solve a specific problems. The proposals of Interviews as a scientific method, or [[Grounded Theory]], were rooted in the recognition of a lack of a suitable methodological approach for a specific problem. Take [[Open Interviews]] as an example, which allowed for an inductive recognition of the perceptions of individuals. This type of knowledge as such did not exist before, and the proposal of these new methods allowed for a gap to be closed. In order to close this gap, I believe that this gap needed to be recognized, which was rooted in the recognition of clear knowledge and experience with methods that were already there. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Inventing new methods surely sounds exciting. There is a whole world of knowledge that awaits us, and new methods might be potentially able to unlock this new knowledge. Despite the spirit that motivates many researchers to this end, I would like to highlight that in the past, the invention of new methods often came out of a clear recognition of a lack of methods in order to solve a specific problems. The proposals of Interviews as a scientific method, or [[Grounded Theory]], were rooted in the recognition of a lack of a suitable methodological approach for a specific problem. Take [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Open Interview|</ins>Open Interviews]] as an example, which allowed for an inductive recognition of the perceptions of individuals. This type of knowledge as such did not exist before, and the proposal of these new methods allowed for a gap to be closed. In order to close this gap, I believe that this gap needed to be recognized, which was rooted in the recognition of clear knowledge and experience with methods that were already there. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Take Fischers Analysis of Variance as another example, which basically took the implementation of systematic [[Experiments and Hypothesis Testing|experimentation]] onto a completely new level. Fischer saw existing research at the agricultural research center he was working at as a statistician, and he saw a clear lack of a systematic method that allowed to generate knowledge in terms of pattern recognition based on the testing of a predominated hypothesis. Fischer knew the state of the art, and he recognised a clear gap in the canon of existing methods. What is more, he had experience in the already existing methods, which was a precondition for his formulation of the Analysis of Variance. The invention of new methods is thus quite often a gradual process in a continuous development, although historians of science often reduce it to one point in time. To this end, I propose to recognise more of a continuum in which such new methods are being proposed. Such innovative settings typically build on experience regarding existing methods, and through this a recognition of a gap within the already existing methods, or better even, of the knowledge which these methods can produce. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Take Fischers Analysis of Variance as another example, which basically took the implementation of systematic [[Experiments and Hypothesis Testing|experimentation]] onto a completely new level. Fischer saw existing research at the agricultural research center he was working at as a statistician, and he saw a clear lack of a systematic method that allowed to generate knowledge in terms of pattern recognition based on the testing of a predominated hypothesis. Fischer knew the state of the art, and he recognised a clear gap in the canon of existing methods. What is more, he had experience in the already existing methods, which was a precondition for his formulation of the Analysis of Variance. The invention of new methods is thus quite often a gradual process in a continuous development, although historians of science often reduce it to one point in time. To this end, I propose to recognise more of a continuum in which such new methods are being proposed. Such innovative settings typically build on experience regarding existing methods, and through this a recognition of a gap within the already existing methods, or better even, of the knowledge which these methods can produce. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''3) Recombination of existing methods</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''3) Recombination of existing methods</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another possibility of creating innovation in methodology is through the recombination of existing methods. For example, with the rise of data becoming available through surveys, statistics allowed for the utilisation of diverse methods to analyse data coming out of surveys, and later also from structured interviews. Such innovation is rather gradual, and less recognised by the scientific community. Another example would be the utilisation of statistical methods for coded items from a Grounded Theory approach. While originally this approach focused on qualitative research, there are now examples how coded information is compiled in a table which is then statistically analysed. Such innovation is often a violation of the original rules or norms that were proclaimed with a method, and thus have also attracted controversy and criticism in the past. Nevertheless, recombining diverse methods builds on a deep understanding and even experience of a respective method, showcasing yet again how researchers created new knowledge by building on already established methodological approaches. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another possibility of creating innovation in methodology is through the recombination of existing methods. For example, with the rise of data becoming available through surveys, statistics allowed for the utilisation of diverse methods to analyse data coming out of surveys, and later also from structured interviews. Such innovation is rather gradual, and less recognised by the scientific community. Another example would be the utilisation of statistical methods for coded items from a Grounded Theory approach. While originally this approach focused on qualitative research, there are now examples how coded information is compiled in a table which is then statistically analysed. Such innovation is often a violation of the original rules or norms that were proclaimed with a method, and thus have also attracted controversy and criticism in the past. Nevertheless, recombining diverse methods builds on a deep understanding and even experience of a respective method, showcasing yet again how researchers created new knowledge by building on already established methodological approaches.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Some remarks on innovation and experience ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Some remarks on innovation and experience ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franzhttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=3589&oldid=prevChristopher Franz at 16:40, 29 December 20202020-12-29T16:40:00Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Normativity_of_Methods]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Normativity_of_Methods]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The [[Table_of_Contributors|author]] of this entry is Henrik von Wehrden.</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franzhttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=3585&oldid=prevChristopher Franz at 16:35, 29 December 20202020-12-29T16:35:42Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Note: The German version of this entry can be found here: [[Questioning the status quo in methods (German)]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</ins>Note:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' </ins>The German version of this entry can be found here: [[Questioning the status quo in methods (German)]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franzhttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=3584&oldid=prevChristopher Franz at 16:35, 29 December 20202020-12-29T16:35:02Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Note: The German version of this entry can be found here: [[Questioning the status quo in methods (German)]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the ''status quo'' ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franzhttps://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php?title=Questioning_the_status_quo_in_methods&diff=3582&oldid=prevChristopher Franz at 16:05, 29 December 20202020-12-29T16:05:44Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:05, 29 December 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the status quo ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questioning the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>status quo<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Building on the general recognition that current methods are not enough to approximate knowledge towards the solution needed for the wicked problems which we face, the questions arises how we can meaningfully question the ''status quo'' in methods, and do this in a way that moves us forward. Too many enthusiastic questions on the ''status quo'' in the realms of scientific methods have been proposed without a clear understanding what is actually the problem, or better, which knowledge we are lacking. The current state of many lines of thinking urged us to move out of the dimensions of a normal science in the sense of Kuhn. However, calling out a revolution does not mean that all problems are automatically solved. On the contrary: concerning many aspects, we are still in a state of explicitly not knowing how to solve the wicked problems we face. Let us look at three examples.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Building on the general recognition that current methods are not enough to approximate knowledge towards the solution needed for the wicked problems which we face, the questions arises how we can meaningfully question the ''status quo'' in methods, and do this in a way that moves us forward. Too many enthusiastic questions on the ''status quo'' in the realms of scientific methods have been proposed without a clear understanding what is actually the problem, or better, which knowledge we are lacking. The current state of many lines of thinking urged us to move out of the dimensions of a normal science in the sense of Kuhn. However, calling out a revolution does not mean that all problems are automatically solved. On the contrary: concerning many aspects, we are still in a state of explicitly not knowing how to solve the wicked problems we face. Let us look at three examples.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Christopher Franz